Julida: Parajulidae. Bollmaniulus sp. North America, USA, Oregon, Benton Co. Photo courtesy of W. P. Leonard.

Julida: Parajulidae. Karteroiulus alaskanus (Cook, 1904) North America, USA, Alaska, Baranof I., Sitka. Photo courtesy of M. Goff, Sheldon Jackson College.

North America, USA, Alaska, Prince of Wales I., Litiulus alaskanus (Cook), early instars. Photo by K. Ovaska, Aug. 2007.

North America, USA, Alaska, Prince of Wales I., Litiulus alaskanus (Cook), egg chamber. Photo by K. Ovaska, Aug. 2007.

Julida: Parajulidae. Bollmaniulus sp. in typical resting coil seen from lateral perspective. North America, USA, Washington, Thurston Co., Capitol Forest. Photo courtesy of W.P. Leonard.

Julida: Parajulidae. Bollmaniulus sp. North America, USA, Washington, Thurston Co., aggregation on porch ceiling at house in Lacey. Photo courtesy of M. Kraft.

Julida: Parajulidae. Karteroiulus alaskanus (Cook, 1904); note that the coil forms a raised, rather than a flat, spiral. North America, USA, Alaska, Baranof I., Sitka. Photo courtesy of M. Goff, Sheldon Jackson College.

Julida: Parajulidae. Arvechambus hummi Causey, 1963, hermaphroditic spmn., close up of genitalic segments, ventral view. North America, USA, Florida, Alachua Co., Gainesville. Photo by A. E. Bogan.

Julida: Parajulidae, a representative parajulid, the dominant North American millipede family. Note enlarged 1st segment (or collum), with which it burrows.

Julida: Parajulidae. Bollmaniulus sp. North America, USA, Washington, Thurston Co., Capitol State Forest. Photo courtesy of W. P. Leonard.

Julida: Parajulidae, ?Gyniulus sp. North America, USA, Florida, Pinellas Co., St. Petersburg. Photo courtesy of G. B. Edwards.

Julida: Parajulidae. Arvechambus hummi Causey, 1963. Anterior end of hermaphroditic spmn., lateral view. North America, USA, Florida, Alachua Co., Gainesville. Photo by A. E. Bogan.

Julida: Parajulidae. Arvechambus hummi Causey, 1963, anterior end of hermaphroditic spmn., ventral view. North America, USA, Florida, Alachua Co., Gainesville. Photo by A. E. Bogan.

North America, USA, Alaska, Prince of Wales I., Litiulus alaskanus (Cook). Photo by K. Ovaska, Aug. 2007.

Anterior end of ?Bollmaniulus sp. F. North America, Canada, British Columbia, Vernon. Infesting residence. Photo by W. Strong.

Julida: Parajulidae. Bollmaniulus sp. North America, USA, Washington, Thurston Co., Lacey. Three individuals from aggregation. Photo courtesy of M. Kraft.

Julida: Parajulidae, ?Gyniulus sp., anterior end. North America, USA, Florida, Pinellas Co., St. Petersburg. Photo courtesy of G. B. Edwards.

Julida: Parajulidae, ?Gyniulus sp., caudal end. North America, USA, Florida, Pinellas Co., St. Petersburg. Photo courtesy of G. B. Edwards.

Julida: Parajulidae. Arvechambus hummi Causey, 1963, hermaphroditic spmn., close up of genitalic segments, lateral view. North America, USA, Florida, Alachua Co., Gainesville. Photo by A. E. Bogan.

North America, Canada, British Columbia, Prince Rupert vicinity, Litiulus alaskanus (Cook), adult female beside egg chamber. Photo by E. Havard, Aug. 2007.

?Bollmaniulus sp. F. North America, Canada, British Columbia, Vernon. Infesting residence. Photo by W. Strong.

?Bollmaniulus sp. F compared to Canadian penny. North America, Canada, British Columbia, Vernon. Infesting residence. Photo by W. Strong.